Ongoing Wars Between North and South 

To help in understanding this section, please refer to the supplemental reading items, which go into considerable detail. One of the items gives the entire New King James Version text of Daniel 11 with explanatory notes provided in bracketed inserts. It also provides a timeline of the ancient rulers mentioned in the chapter as well as a map of the divisions of Alexander's empire. More information on Antiochus Epiphanes and the Abomination of Desolation is available in the supplementary material for our next reading.

Supplementary Reading: “Chapter Three: The Four Empires of Daniel's Prophecies," The Middle East in Bible Prophecy, pages 18-27 (especially pages 22-17, beginning with the subhead "The Bible's most detailed prophecy”); “Daniel 11 (NKJV) With Explanation, verses 1-35”.