The Philistines were a race of people who lived mainly along the Mediterranean coast near the ancient Israelites. Their primary cities were Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron and Gath.

They were fierce warriors with superior iron-working skills and frequently fought with the Israelites. During the time of Israel's judges, they at times conquered the Israelites and required them to pay tribute. In Ezekiel 25:15-17 we find a prophecy of God punishing the Philistines because of their hatred and spiteful hearts toward the Israelites.

From the ancient name of their country, Philistia, comes the modern name of Palestine. It is possible that some of the Palestinians today are descendants of the Philistines.